BUYING A KILN

Whether you’re a hobbyist setting up your first studio or a professional potter upgrading your equipment, choosing the right kiln is one of the most important decisions you’ll make. This guide walks you through every factor to consider before you buy.

Voltage & Power

The first and most critical step to buying a kiln is figuring out what power your studio or home can provide. Have a licensed electrician (or two!) confirm whether your service is 208V or 240V. Voltage is determined by the power supplied to your building or home by SDGE and cannot be changed.

Voltage

120V: Standard household outlet power, suitable only for very small test kilns.
208V: Common in commercial and industrial buildings, especially in cities.
240V: Most common for mid to large sized studio kilns in residential and studio settings.

💡 Tip: Unsure about your voltage setup (208 vs. 240)? A dual voltage kiln like the Cress E23 runs on either, making it a flexible choice.

Phase: Single vs. Three Phase

Single Phase: Standard in most homes and small studios. Most kilns are available in this configuration.
Three Phase: Found in schools, universities, factories, or large commercial buildings. Three phase kilns tend to fire more evenly and are more energy efficient, but they can only be used if your building is wired for three phase.

Amperage

15–20 amps: Small test kilns or bead kilns.
30–40 amps: Medium studio kilns.
50–60+ amps: Large production kilns.

💡 Tip: Always confirm breaker size and wire gauge match your kiln’s requirements. Mismatching voltage or phase can cause under firing, blown elements, or even a dead kiln.

Kiln Size

Choosing the right kiln size is about more than “bigger is better.” Consider:

Production Volume: How much work you produce and how often you fire. Small batches fired frequently may benefit from a smaller kiln, while larger pieces or infrequent firing may require a larger kiln.
Ergonomics: Taller or deeper top loading kilns can be difficult to load if you’re “vertically challenged”.

The most common regret we hear from kiln buyers is selecting the wrong size — either too large to fill efficiently or too small for their volume. Assessing your workflow honestly will save frustration and money.

Shape & Loading Style

Kiln shape and loading style affect access, capacity, and firing consistency.

Top Loading Kilns

Most common for home studios and small to mid sized kilns.
Affordable and compact, but deep chambers may be hard to reach.

Please Note: We only keep top loading, electric kilns in stock. Specialty or front loading kilns must be special ordered, with a minimum lead time of 3–4 months.

Front (or Side) Loading Kilns

Easier on the back and shoulders.
Often used in professional studios or schools.
Higher cost, but safer for large or heavy pieces.

Oval or Specialty Shapes

Useful for long platters, sculptural pieces, or uniquely shaped work.

Temperature Range

Kiln temperatures are expressed in cones, which correspond to maximum firing temperatures.

Low Fire (Cone 06–04): Common in schools, beginner studios, and recreation centers. Ideal for earthenware and bright commercial glazes. Low fire kilns experience less wear, extending element life and reducing replacement frequency.
Mid Range (Cone 5–6): The most versatile choice. Compatible with stoneware and many glazes. Works well in both oxidation and some controlled reduction environments.
High Fire (Cone 10): Used for porcelain and high fire stoneware. Recommended mainly for gas kilns, as reduction firing produces rich glaze effects. Firing electric kilns to cone 10 wears them out quickly and can burn out colors without creating the desired effects.

For more information on firing temperature and cone ratings ....

Controller Type

Kiln controllers regulate temperature and firing schedules for consistency and convenience.

Manual (switches or pyrometers): Require constant monitoring and experience to fire properly. These are being phased out in favor of modern digital and WiFi controllers, which offer greater accuracy and convenience.
Digital Controllers: Program ramp and hold schedules, store multiple programs, and deliver consistent results.
Advanced/WiFi Controllers: Remote monitoring, alerts, and downloadable firing logs. Ideal for busy or production studios.

Ventilation & Safety

Kilns generate heat, moisture, and fumes from clays, glazes, and binders. While proper ventilation is important for safety and consistent firing results, it isn’t always necessary depending on where your kiln is located and how the space is set up.

Vent Systems: Downdraft vents or systems like the Orton VentMaster help remove fumes and improve airflow.
Placement & Materials: Place kilns on non-flammable flooring and near non-combustible shelving or materials. Maintain 18”+ clearance around the kiln to ensure heat dissipation.

Safety Note: When proper voltage, amperage, and placement guidelines are followed, a kiln is no more dangerous than a common household appliance.

Accessories & Options

The right accessories improve firing efficiency, safety, and versatility.

Kiln Furniture: Shelves, posts, and stilts maximize space and proper loading.
Kiln Sitter / Limit Timer: Prevents over firing in manual kilns.
Rolling Stands: Make moving kilns easier and improve airflow underneath.

Element Life & Maintenance

Kiln elements wear out over time and need replacement, especially with frequent or high temperature firings.

Low Fire Kilns: Elements last longer due to lower temperatures and less strain.
Mid Range Kilns: Check for wear or sagging of elements. Replacement frequency depends on firing schedule.
High Fire Kilns: Frequent high temperature firing shortens element life.

💡 Tip: Follow manufacturer guidelines for element replacement and keep spares on hand. Maintaining a firing log ensures parts are replaced on time, preventing more costly repairs down the line.

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